What Is Pulse Meter?

Pulse count meter is an electronic counter used to count the numbers and digits of electric pulses. A tabulator counter is used to calculate the record of the numbers and its time when something happens. Another one is the scalar pulse meter; it is used to count the pulse that generates rapidly and is recorded individually.

Pulse Width Modulation Controller

A pulse width modulation controller is used in the industrial control system to regulate or sustain the desired output of detailed procedures within the desired need. Autonics pulse meter delivers a various range of highly precise and dependable controllers for idyllic system control.

Pulse Rate Meters In Industry

Pulse (Rate) meters are for calculating the RPM/RPS and swiftness of the spinning objects, extensively used to monitor the gears in the numerous mechanization procedures in demand to upsurge the production. Autonics Pulse meters, furnished with a wide range of action styles, offer extremely detailed and dependable computing even in the ultra-high-speed revolving of the objects, and its wide change of the product line-up allows you to select the best suitable answers to your needs.

There are multiple ways to control DC motors’ speed in industries, but one very modest and informal way is to use Pulse Width Modulation Controller. Before moving towards the pulse width modulation, it is very important to know a little more about how a DC motor works.

Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC)

The Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC) is the commonly used category of small direct current motor obtainable, creating an ongoing revolving speed that can be effortlessly skillful. Small DC motors model for use in claims and applications where rapidity control is obligatory such as in small figurines, models, machines, and other such electronics circuits.

A DC motor contains essentially two parts, the motionless body of the motor called the “Stator” and the internal part, which alternates producing the drive called the “Rotor.” For D.C. machines, the rotor is commonly termed the “Armature.”

Mostly, in small light responsibility DC motors, the stator contains a pair of secure perpetual electromagnets fabricating an unbroken and immobile magnetic fluidity inside the motor giving these types of motors their name of “permanent-magnet direct-current” (PMDC) motors.

The motor’s armature consists of separate electrical curls connected and composed in a circular formation around its steel body, creating a North-Pole, then a South-Pole, then a North-Pole type of field system formation.

The current curving within these rotor spirals manufacturing the essential electromagnetic arena. The compelling spherical field fashioned by the armature windings crops both north and south poles around the armature, repelled or attracted by the stator’s perpetual electromagnets fabricating a revolving movement around the motors dominant axis as shown.

Pole Permanent Magnet Motor

As the armature replaces, the electrical current is approved from the motor’s stations. The next usual armature windings via carbon brushes are located around the commutator, constructing another magnetic field. Each time the armature switches, a new set of armature windings are animated, forcing the armature to rotate more and more.

So, the revolving speed of a DC motor hinges upon the communication between two magnetic fields, one set up by the stator’s inactive permanent magnets and the other by the armature's rotating electromagnets, and by controlling this interface, we can control the speed of rotation.

The magnetic field shaped by the stator’s perpetual magnets is fixed. It, therefore, cannot be transformed. Still, suppose we change the forte of the armatures electromagnetic field by regulating the current curving through the windings. In that case, more or less magnetic fluidity will be fashioned, resulting in a solider or weaker interface an earlier or slower rapidity.

Then the rotating speed of a DC motor (N) is relative to the back emf (Vb) of the motor separated by the magnetic flux time and constant electromechanical contingent upon the nature of the armatures windings (Ke), giving us the multiple equations.

So how do we rheostat the flow of current through the motor? Well, many individuals challenge themselves to control the speed of a DC motor using a huge mutable device (Rheostat) in series with the motorized.

It produces a lot of heat and misses power in the confrontation. One simple and relaxed way to switch the haste of a motor is to order the number of voltage crossways its depots, and this can be accomplished using a pulse width modulation controller.

As its name recommends, pulse width modulation speed control works by lashing the motor with a sequence of “ON-OFF” beats and changing the duty cycle, the portion of time that the output voltage is “ON” associated to when it is “OFF,” of the pulses while keeping the incidence constant.

The power useful to the motor can be measured by variable the thickness of these useful pulses and thus changeable the average DC power useful to the motor’s stations. By changing or moderating the timing of these beats, the speed of the motor can be meticulous. The longer the pulse is “ON,” the nearer the motor will alternate, and likewise, the briefer the pulse is “ON,” the gentler the motor will rotate.

Pulse Width Modulated Waveform

The use of pulse width modulation to control a small motor in the industry has the benefit. The power damage in the swapping transistor is small because it is either completely “ON” or completely “OFF.” As a result, the swapping transistor has a much-reduced control indulgence giving it a lined type of control, which results in better speed constancy.

The motor voltage relics’ fullness relentlessly, so the motor is constantly at the full gift. The result is that the motor can be replaced much more slowly without it delaying. So, how can we crop a pulse width modulation control signal to the motor?

This modest circuit based around the accustomed NE555 or 7555 timer mark yields the obligatory pulse width modulation signal and autonics pulse meter at an immobile regularity output. The timing capacitor C is charged and cleared by current flowing over RA and RB’s timing networks, as we observed at the 555 Timer seminar.

The output signal at pin 3 of the 555 is equivalent to the supply power transferring the transistors entirely “ON.” The time taken for C to charge or expulsion rests upon the values of RA, RB.

The capacitor cares to complete the network RA but is unfocussed around the resistive network RB and finished diode D1. As soon as the capacitor is thrilling, it is directly discharged by diode D2 and RB into pin 7. During the satisfying process, the output at pin 3 is at 0 V, and the transistor is switched “OFF.”

Then the time is taken for the capacitor, C, to go through one ample charge-discharge cycle hang on the values of RA, RB, and C with the time T for one whole cycle being given as:

The time, TH, for which the output is “ON” is TH = 0.693(RA).C

The time, TL, for which the output is “OFF” is TL = 0.693(RB).C

Total “ON”-“OFF” cycle time given as T = TH + TL with the output frequency being ƒ = 1/T

With the module ethics shown, the waveform’s responsibility cycle can be familiar from about 8.3% (0.5V) to about 91.7% (5.5V) using a 6.0V power supply. The Astable incidence is endless at about 256 Hz, and the motor is swapped “ON” and “OFF” at this rate.

Resistor R1 plus the “top” part of the potentiometer, VR1, signifies RA’s resistive network. Although the “bottom” part of the potentiometer plus R2 epitomizes the resistive network of RB above.

These values can be changed to set different requests and DC motors, but as long as that 555 Astable circuit runs wild enough at a few hundred Hertz minimum, there should be no jerkiness in the motor’s revolution.

Diode D3 is our old beloved flywheel diode cast-off to defend the automated circuit from the motor’s inductive loading. Also, if the motor load is high, put a heatsink on the switching transistor or MOSFET.

The pulse width modulation controller is a great technique for the amount of power brought to a load without dissolving any missed power. The other circuit can also control a fan’s speed or too indistinct the brightness of DC lamps or LEDs. If you need to control it, then use Pulse Width Modulation to do it.